Lebanon: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

The manufacturing sector is an important contributor to the economy, accounting for 17 percent of the GDP in 1998 and employing 15 percent of the labor force. In 1999, the sector accounted for 40 percent of exports. Total employment in the manufacturing sector in 1998 stood at 180,000 people.

Lebanon's industrial base is by all means modest, mostly comprised of family-based small firms. Most finished and semi-finished goods are imported. Much of Lebanon's local manufacturing consists of producing goods for local consumption — mainly food, furniture, and clothing manufacturing.

The most important industrial activity is focused on food, beverages, and chemical products, which receive the highest level of investment. Manufacturing activity is concentrated in the population centers of Beirut and Mount Lebanon, where an estimated 60 percent of the firms are located. Some 19 percent of manufacturing firms are located in the north.

Agriculture:

The variety of Lebanon's agricultural lands, from the interior plateau of the Biqa Valley to the narrow valleys sweeping down to the sea, enables farmers to grow both European and tropical crops.

Tobacco and figs are grown in the south, citrus fruits and bananas along the coast, olives around the Shuf Mountains and in the north, and fruits and vegetables in the Biqa Valley. More exotic crops include avocados, grown near Jubayl, and hashish, a major crop in the Biqa Valley.

Local wines, even those produced in times of war, have won international prizes. Since 1975, however, Lebanon's fertile land has not been fully exploited because of almost constant warfare. In addition, the livestock production, which had made up a significant part of total agricultural production before the war, fell off drastically, especially after the 1982 Israeli invasion.

Research & Development:

In partnership with the American University in Beirut (AUB), TDP established the AUB/MIT Collaborative Program in Science, Technology, and Development. The program focused on collaborative research and supplementary educational activities related to the reconstruction and development of Lebanon . "Reconstruction" extended beyond physical reconstruction to include rebuilding human institutions and the science and technology infrastructure.

The AUB/MIT program contributed significantly to research and education at MIT. Institute faculty, research staff, and graduate students gained an expanded awareness of the critical ways in which science and technology contribute to social and economic development and obtained first-hand knowledge of the challenges and opportunities inherent in the international transfer of advanced technology.

In addition, program activities and projects provided timely materials and resources for the subjects offered in MIT's Middle East Program, as well as new courses on sustainable development in various parts of the Institute.

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